How Alex Honnold Climbs Free Solo

The first person to climb to the top of El Capitan with no ropes tells me how he does it, and reveals how you can boost your own self-confidence...

Video courtesy of The North Face 

I caught up with Alex Honnold soon after his astounding, 1km high free solo climb of Freerider on El Cap. Just thinking about how he spent three hours climbing an overhanging rock face, with no rope, makes me giddy. But his experience has a lot to tell us about out learning how to staying calm in a crisis, and mastering a skill – this can transfer over into making our everyday lives more successful…

When I do get really scared I take a few deep breaths, try to relax, and carry on!​

Photo: Jimmy Chin, Black Diamond PR

Alex Honnold is the world’s most famous rock climber. In 2018 he completed a lifelong mission to climb without ropes all the way up Yosemite’s iconic, 1,000m (3,000ft) El Capitan. But how does Alex Honnold climb free solo in the first place? 

His ascent of Freerider, higher than the world’s tallest building, captured the imagination of the world. Climbing at a high level on difficult problems – including a sketchy ‘karate kick’ bouldering move across a nerve-jangling gap – for three hours seems super human to most. 

And yet, he has spent years mastering his skills and earning his calm in the storm. I asked the man himself how Alex Honnold climbs free solo, in order to find out how his psychological approach can be applied to challenges in your own life…  

(The images in this Q&A are by Jimmy Chin and were supplied by Black Diamond PR)

Alex Honnold, Free Solo
Alex Honnold (photo provided by Black Diamond)
Matt Ray

Many people wonder how Alex Honnold climbs free solo, up 1,000m rock faces, with no ropes. But I also wonder; why? What is it about the experience that’s makes it so compelling for you?

Matt Ray
Alex Honnold

Free soloing can be quite fun and fast, the actual sensations of climbing are sometimes more pleasant than when you’re dragging a rope and gear behind you. But I think that really what I love is the test of mastery – I like climbing to feel serious sometimes and require the best of me.

Alex Honnold
Matt Ray
Do you have any psychological strategies for avoiding those unconscious factors like overgripping, or starting to let fear in, on a hard free solo?
Matt Ray
Alex Honnold

I think the best strategy is a deep and well founded confidence that you can indeed do the thing that you’re trying to do.

It’s not enough to think that you can, you have to absolutely know, on a physical and rational level that the free solo that you’re attempting is well within your abilities. Then it all feels pretty normal.

Alex Honnold

Photo: Jimmy Chin, Black Diamond PR

Matt Ray
Does the exposure of a climbing move that’s seemingly out into the void get to you, or do you seek out those ‘miles above nothing’ moments?
Matt Ray
Alex Honnold
I love the exposure, it’s a big part of what I love about climbing with or without a rope. Being surrounded by nothing but air really captures my imagination. It’s probably one of the best parts of free soloing to me.
Alex Honnold
Matt Ray
How would you define bravery, or courage?
Matt Ray
Alex Honnold

I would define them as overcoming fear, but in order to do what’s required of you. I think there’s an important distinction with free soloing, which I wouldn’t really consider brave or courageous. I free solo for my own pleasure, so even though it can sometimes be scary, it’s still something that I willingly choose.

I think that bravery involves some degree of overcoming unelected fear, like running into a burning building to rescue someone. Presumably no one wants to run into the building, but with enough courage they can force themselves to do the right thing and assist someone in need.

Alex Honnold

It’s true that I did a hangboard session that afternoon, after I free soloed Freerider

Photo: Jimmy Chin, Black Diamond PR

Matt Ray

Do you think people misunderstand feats like your ascent of Freerider in that they are the product of years spent mastering climbing techniques, physical training and the individual climbing moves on routes?

Is there a sense that a free solo like this is an expression of mastery over the details and style of a route, rather than an uncertain leap into the unknown, even though it’s absolutely uncharted territory and a generational leap of an achievement?

Matt Ray
Alex Honnold

I think the film Free Solo does a great job of showing how much preparation and training went into the ascent so, hopefully, that will help with the common misperception that I just wandered up to a huge rock and decided to climb up it.

For me at least, free soloing is very much an expression of mastery, both of the climb and of myself… I try to make sure that the uncertainty is actually quite low – that’s the point of all the training and preparation.

So even though the climb might be very high stakes, it feels like a sure thing to me because I’m so well prepared for it. That certainly helps me maintain a sense of calm.

Alex Honnold
Matt Ray

Did you really do a fingerboard session in your van after free soloing Freerider, and what is it that drives you on to keep continually improving?

Matt Ray
Alex Honnold
Haha, it’s true that I did a hangboard session that afternoon. I’d been on an every-other-day training program and it had worked really well for me – I didn’t want to give that up just because I’d succeeded on one climb. The idea of continually improving is maybe even more satisfying than any particular climb.
Alex Honnold

Everyone asks about fear and death but I free solo because I love it. It makes me happy. It’s fun

Photo: Jimmy Chin, Black Diamond PR

Matt Ray

What psychological approaches and techniques would you pass on to the readers of this blog, to help them improve their climbing, or carry through into their everyday lives? 

Matt Ray
Alex Honnold

I think that the one psychological approach that I’d like to pass on is for people to gradually but consistently expand their comfort zones (in climbing or in life). Or I suppose to sum that up more simply – “do hard things”.

I think that by consistently trying climbs that are a little bit different than what you’ve done before, whether that means taller, harder, in worse weather or on a different kind of rock, you will continue to learn and improve as a climber.

And I think that the process of self mastery can certainly apply to everyday life, and so much of climbing depends on regulating your own emotions and getting your body and mind to work together in harmony.

I think those are all lessons that can help in every aspect of life. Though I don’t think climbing is unique in that regard – I’m sure the same lessons could be learned through meditation or perhaps even a sport.

Alex Honnold
Matt Ray

 How do you face down fear?

Matt Ray
Alex Honnold

Ideally, I prepare to the point that whatever I’m preparing for isn’t scary anymore. I think the easiest way to face fear is to just not be afraid to begin with.

But when I do get really scared I have to manage it the same way as anyone else – take a few deep breaths, try to relax, and carry on.

Alex Honnold
Matt Ray

Finally, what’s the most misunderstood part of free soloing, from your perspective?

Matt Ray
Alex Honnold

The levity of it. The fun. The joy in the movement. Everyone asks about fear and death, which is understandable, but I free solo because I love it. It makes me happy. It’s fun.

It’s not always a dialogue with death – it’s more like a playful way to more freely through the mountains. 

Alex Honnold
WAnt More?

For another climbing world first, check out my interview with Nims Purja, who smashed the World Record for climbing the world’s 14 peaks over 8,000m. Versions of my interview with Alex also appeared on RSNG.com and RedBull.com